A pilot initiative in Bulgaria has successfully produced rainbow trout in sea cages for the first time, marking a milestone for marine aquaculture in the Black Sea and opening new opportunities to diversify seafood production in the region.
Carried out in the coastal town of Kavarna, this is Bulgaria’s first integrated multitrophic aquaculture system, combining rainbow trout and Mediterranean mussel, and the first operational deployment of the country’s Aquaculture Demonstration Centre. Ongoing trials are already evaluating the performance of rainbow trout under different salinity conditions in recirculating aquaculture systems and sea cages, generating evidence to support future species diversification and sustainable farming practices.
This builds on a long tradition of trout farming in Bulgaria. Organised trout production dates back to the opening of the country’s first breeding station in Samokov in 1924, and today rainbow trout is Bulgaria’s leading farmed fish. Yet the country’s aquaculture sector remains overwhelmingly freshwater-based. In 2023, Bulgaria produced nearly 9900 tonnes of aquaculture products, of which 90% is from freshwater farming. Marine aquaculture remains limited almost entirely to Mediterranean mussel, which accounts for just 11% of national aquaculture production.
The pilot brought together Trakia University, Dalboka Mussel Farm and the General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM) of the FAO, with financial support from the European Union. Together, the partners achieved several national firsts for Bulgaria – the first production of rainbow trout in sea cages, the first implementation of an integrated multitrophic aquaculture system and the first operational deployment of the Stara Zagora Aquaculture Demonstration Centre.
By combining rainbow trout farming with mussel cultivation, the pilot tested an ecosystem-based production model in which different species complement one another. The results demonstrate that innovative production systems can be successfully adapted to Black Sea conditions while making more efficient use of marine resources and supporting environmentally responsible aquaculture.
As Bulgaria works to strengthen food security and diversify domestic food production, sustainable aquaculture is increasingly recognised as part of the solution, providing a reliable source of nutritious animal protein while supporting coastal livelihoods.
‘This initiative demonstrates that when science, industry and international partners work together, Bulgaria can successfully implement innovative and sustainable solutions in aquaculture, said Deputy Minister of Agriculture and Food Professor Ivan Paligorov.
The initiative has also strengthened links between aquaculture production and local communities. At Dalboka Mussel Farm, mussels harvested on site are served directly in the producer’s restaurant, creating a net to plate model that promotes locally produced seafood, enhances traceability and adds value to the coastal economy.
‘The real value of this pilot goes beyond the national firsts achieved in Bulgaria. By testing innovative farming methods under real Black Sea conditions, the project has generated practical knowledge that can benefit the whole region,’ said GFCM aquaculture officer Houssam Hamza.
‘Countries looking to diversify marine aquaculture do not have to start from scratch – they can build on experience that has already been tested, adapted and demonstrated. This is exactly what regional cooperation is about: working to develop solutions that can be shared, replicated and scaled up across the Black Sea.’
